Blog's of NmChisty

  Experiment Name:  Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) Modulation and Demodulation Theory Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) is a form of amplitude modulation that represents digital data as variations in the amplitude of a carrier wave. In ASK, the amplitude of the carrier signal is switched between different levels in response to the digital data signal (usually a binary signal). This means that a binary '1' might be represented by a high amplitude, while a binary '0' might be represented by a low amplitude or zero amplitude.  Mathematical Representation The ASK signal can be represented mathematically as: 𝑠 ( 𝑡 )= 𝐴⋅𝑚 ( 𝑡 ) ⋅ cos ⁡ (2 𝜋𝑓𝑐𝑡 ) s(t)=A ⋅ m(t) ⋅ cos(2 π f ct) where: A is the amplitude of the carrier signal’ m(t) is the modulating signal (binary data), f c- is the frequency of the carrier signal. Demodulation Demodulation is the process of extracting the original information-bearing signal from the modulated carrier wave. In ASK demodu...

  Experiment Name Study of PSK Modulation and Demodulation   Theory Phase Shift Keying (PSK) is a digital modulation technique where the phase of a carrier signal is changed according to the digital data being transmitted. There are several types of PSK, including Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) and Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), with BPSK being the simplest form. Modulation is the process of varying a carrier signal to transmit data, while demodulation is the process of extracting the original information from the modulated carrier signal. In PSK, the binary data (1s and 0s) are used to shift the phase of the carrier signal by 0 or 180 degrees. During demodulation, the received signal is correlated with a reference signal to retrieve the transmitted binary data.     Apparatus Signal generator PSK modulator and demodulator Oscilloscope Function generator Data acquisition system or PC with data processing software Connecting cables ...

 Experiment Name: Constructing, Designing, and Testing the Forward Bias of a PN Junction Using AutoCAD Theory: A PN junction is a fundamental building block of semiconductor devices. It is formed by joining P-type and N-type semiconductors together in very close contact. The P-type semiconductor contains an excess of holes (positive charge carriers), while the N-type contains an excess of electrons (negative charge carriers). When a forward bias is applied to a PN junction (the P-side is connected to the positive terminal of a power supply and the N-side to the negative terminal), the potential barrier at the junction decreases, allowing current to flow through the device. This behavior is crucial for the operation of diodes, transistors, and other semiconductor devices. The forward bias condition reduces the width of the depletion region, allowing charge carriers to recombine across the junction and facilitating current flow. This experiment aims to design and test the forward bia...