Study of Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)

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 Experiment Name: 

Study of Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)


Theory

Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) is a digital modulation technique in which the frequency of the carrier signal is varied in accordance with the digital signal data. In FSK, binary data is transmitted through discrete frequency changes of the carrier wave. The most common types of FSK are Binary FSK (BFSK), where two frequencies represent binary '0' and '1', and Multiple FSK (MFSK), where multiple frequencies are used to represent more than two levels of digital data.


Circuit Diagram:




Apparatus:

Function Generator

Frequency Counter

Oscilloscope

Breadboard

Connecting Wires

Resistors and Capacitors (as required)

FSK Modulator IC

Power Supply



Procedure:

Modulation

Assemble the FSK modulator circuit on the breadboard according to the provided circuit diagram.

Connect the power supply to the circuit. Ensure correct voltage levels as specified for the FSK modulator IC.

Connect a binary data signal to the input of the modulator. This can be done using a function generator set to produce a square wave representing the binary data.

Set the carrier frequency on the function generator to the desired frequency for binary '1'.

Observe the output on the oscilloscope. The output should show a frequency shift corresponding to the binary input data. Verify that the output frequency changes between two distinct frequencies representing binary '0' and '1'.

Demodulation:

Assemble the FSK demodulator circuit on the breadboard as per the provided circuit diagram.

Feed the modulated FSK signal into the input of the demodulator.

Observe the demodulated output on the oscilloscope. The output should be a square wave that represents the original binary data signal.

Compare the demodulated output with the original input signal to verify the accuracy of the FSK modulation and demodulation process.


Discussion:

In this experiment, we successfully demonstrated the principles of Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) modulation and demodulation. The key observations are as follows:

Modulation: The modulator effectively changed the frequency of the carrier signal based on the binary input data. This was verified by observing distinct frequency shifts on the oscilloscope corresponding to binary '0' and '1'.

Demodulation: The demodulator accurately recovered the original binary data from the modulated signal. The output matched the input signal, confirming the correct operation of the FSK system.

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 .model small .stack 100h .data  ms db 'Enter A Character: $' .code main proc     mov ax, @data     mov ds, ax          mov ah, 9     lea dx, ms     int 21h                mov ah, 2     mov dl, 10     int 21h     mov dl, 13     int 21h          mov ah, 1     int 21h     mov bl, al          mov ah, 2     mov dl, 10     int 21h     mov dl, 13     int 21h          mov ah, 2     mov dl,bl     int 21h          exit:     mov ah, 4ch     int 21h     main endp end main
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Assembly LAB: Print Alphabet(A-Z)

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 .MODEL SMALL  .STACK 100H    .DATA     PROMPT  DB  'The Alphabets are : $'    .CODE    MAIN PROC      MOV AX, @DATA                ; initialize DS      MOV DS, AX        LEA DX, PROMPT               ; load and print PROMPT      MOV AH, 9      INT 21H        MOV CX, 26                  ; initialize CX        MOV AH, 2                    ; set output function      MOV DL, 41H                    ; initialize DL with 0        @LOOP:                       ; loop label        INT 2...
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